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ISO 8859-1, more formally cited as ISO/IEC 8859-1 or less formally as Latin-1, is part 1 of ISO/IEC 8859, a standard character encoding of the Latin alphabet. It was originally developed by the ISO, but later jointly maintained by the ISO and the IEC. more...

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The standard, when supplemented with additional character assignments, is the basis of two widely-used character maps known as ISO-8859-1 (note the extra hyphen) and Windows-1252.

In June 2004, the ISO/IEC working group responsible for maintaining eight-bit coded character sets disbanded and ceased all maintenance of ISO 8859, including ISO 8859-1, in order to concentrate on the Universal Character Set and Unicode. In computing applications, encodings that provide full UCS support (such as UTF-8 and UTF-16) are finding increasing favor over encodings based on ISO 8859-1.

Coverage

ISO 8859-1 encodes what it refers to as "Latin alphabet no. 1," consisting of 191 characters from the Latin script. Each character is encoded as a single eight-bit code value. These code values can be used in almost any data interchange system to communicate in the following European languages (with a few exceptions due to missing characters, as noted):

Albanian; Basque; Catalan; Danish; Dutch (missing Ĳ, ĳ but these should always be represented as IJ or ij in electronic form); English; Estonian (missing Š, š, Ž, ž for loan words)

Note that Windows-1252 and ISO-8859-15 do contain these;

; Faroese; French (missing Œ, œ and rare Ÿ)

Note that Windows-1252 and ISO-8859-15 do contain these;

; Finnish (missing Š, š, Ž, ž for loan words)

Note that Windows-1252 and ISO-8859-15 do contain these;

; Galician; German; Icelandic; Irish (new orthography); Italian; Latin; Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk); Portuguese; Rhaeto-Romanic; Scottish; Spanish; Swedish;

Other languages covered include

Afrikaans; Swahili;

Thus, this character encoding is used throughout The Americas, Western Europe, Oceania, and much of Africa. For some languages the correct typographical quotation marks are missing, for only « », " ", and ' ' are included.

See also: Alphabets derived from the Latin

History

ISO 8859-1 was based on the Multinational Character Set used by Digital Equipment Corporation in the popular VT220 terminal. It was developed within ECMA, the European Computer Manufacturers Association, and published along with ISO 8859-2, ISO 8859-3, and ISO 8859-4 as part of the specification ECMA-94, by which name it is still sometimes known.

Relationship to ISO/IEC 8859-15

Although ISO/IEC 8859-1 has enough characters for most French text, it is missing a few less-common letters. It is also missing a single-glyph representation for the letter Ĳ, two Finnish letters used for transcription of some foreign names and in a few loanwords (Š and Ž), typographic quotation marks and dashes, and common symbols such as the euro sign (€) and dagger (†).